On July 6, 2020, the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPF) filed a Civil Action for Administrative Improbity, with a request for precautionary removal from office, against Ricardo Salles, at the time Minister of Environment of Brazil, claiming the practice of intentional acts that violated the constitutional duty to protect the environment. It states that the former Minister, through actions, omissions, practices, and speeches, allegedly promoted the dismantling of environmental policies and the undermining of legal precepts, by favoring interests that have no relation to the purpose of the Ministry, in violation of the constitutional principles that guide Public Administration. The MPF cites a vast set of acts by the former minister that allegedly contributed to the intentional dismantling of environmental protection structures, based on four pillars: (i) normative dismantling; (ii) dismantling of transparency and participation bodies; (iii) budgetary dismantling; and (iv) oversight dismantling. Regarding the regulatory dismantling, it indicates four normative acts considered illegal and abusive: Decree 10.347/2020, which transferred the granting power for public forests from the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA); MMA Dispatch 4.410/2020, which allowed the regularization of illegal deforestation in permanent preservation areas in the Atlantic Forest biome; Decree 9.672/2019, which extinguished the Secretariat for Climate Change and Forests; and Joint Ordinance 298/2019, which altered the composition of the Federal Environmental Compensation Committee. The argument related to climate is highlighted in the discussion regarding the extinction of the Secretariat for Climate Change and Forests, which worked to combat climate change and actions that generate potential imbalance in the planet's ecosystem, with the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office alleging that such an act would signal that the matter would not be a priority for the federal government. In this regard, it emphasizes that there has been no re-evaluation of the topic, which has practically disappeared from the Ministry's structure. It states that this is distancing Brazil from efforts to fulfill international climate commitments undertaken under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), especially the Copenhagen Accord (2009) and the Paris Agreement (2015), enacted by Federal Decree 9.073/2017, and internal commitments within the scope of the National Policy on Climate Change – PNMC (Federal Law 12.187/2009). Regarding the dismantling of transparency and participation bodies, the complaint alleges reduced civil society participation in the National Environment Council (CONAMA), the removal of information from the official website of the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), interference in the dissemination of deforestation data by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and the restriction of information related to the activities of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) and the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). Regarding budgetary dismantling, it questions the reduction of budgetary resources allocated to IBAMA and the inactivation of the Amazon Fund through the extinction of its operational and guiding bodies. It is noteworthy that, regarding the paralysis of the Amazon Fund, dedicated to financing REDD+ actions linked to the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) mentions the connection between this paralysis and the lack of funding and implementation of the Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm), foreseen in the National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC). The increase in deforestation and the Ministry's inaction in combating it are once again linked to the failure to meet climate commitments and deforestation reduction targets set out in the PNMC (National Policy on Climate Change), UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, and Copenhagen Accord. Regarding the weakening of oversight, it is stated that the former Minister, through his actions, was contributing to hindering the work of career civil servants, which is especially relevant in a context of increased deforestation. Given this broad picture of the weakening of the protection of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment, the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) requested, as a preliminary measure, the precautionary removal of Ricardo Salles from the position of Minister of the Environment, and presented a definitive request that the aforementioned actions be declared improper, thus condemning him to the loss of his public office.

The judge at first instance ruled against the preliminary injunction request.

On February 10th 2021 the Federal Government filled its defense and denied the existence of any illicit act on the part of former Minister Ricardo Salles. It invoked the principle of separation of powers, asserting that it is inappropriate to require a judicial decision regarding the choice of the Head of the Federal Executive Branch concerning the appointment of public positions of trust. It emphasized that there is no legal impediment to the various acts imputed to it, as they are decisions of administrative merit, within the scope of the public manager's competencies to direct public policies, carried out in accordance with the environmental agenda and in compliance with the laws and the Constitution. It argued that there is no basis for claiming an act of impropriety, stressing that the environmental damage attributed to the defendant, especially the increase in deforestation, occurs due to various factors that are distant from and unrelated to the personal acts performed by a Minister of State.

Ricardo Salles presented his defense on October 3rd, 2023. He alleged the non-existence of an act of impropriety, claiming that the action was an attempt to impose on the Judiciary the power to interfere in political choices. Specifically regarding the environmental and climate issue, he stated the absence of proof or indication of alleged predatory intent, as well as any evidence of the overriding of public, diffuse, or collective interests by Ricardo Salles' private interests. The defense maintains that there was no normative disorganization, contrary to what was alleged in the initial complaint. It also argued that there was no disorganization of transparency and participation bodies, since government policies can vary without this immediately signifying administrative impropriety. It also rejected the argument of the alleged decrease in social representation on councils with the enactment of Decree No. 9,806/2019. Regarding the removal of information containing maps of priority areas for biodiversity conservation from the internet, the defendant alleged the initial complaint was flawed, emphasizing that such an allegation is based solely on journalistic "news" reports, which are not confirmed by simply accessing the links attached to the case file. Regarding the alleged interference in the dissemination of data by INPE (National Institute for Space Research), the defendant stated that it has no influence over the agency, as it is a research unit subordinate to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI). Concerning the undue restriction of institutional communication, the defendant argued that the initial complaint was flawed due to a lack of supporting evidence and an insufficient description of the facts. The defendant further argued that there was no budgetary disruption, since it is not within the competence of the Minister of State to draft or discuss the Budget Law. The defendant emphasized that there were no dismissals of employees with improper purpose, and also refuted the absence of risk to employees in their field activities or that the defendant's management had impacted this safety in any way. Finally, he concluded by emphasizing the non-existence of an act of impropriety due to the absence of a material violation of the norm and the absence of intent, requesting, preliminarily, the immediate dismissal of the action, in favor of the retroactive application of the more lenient norm – with the new wording of Law 8.429/92, by Law 14.240/21. Subsidiarily, he alleged the need for the immediate dismissal of the action due to the lack of competence of the defendant to perform the acts embodied in the decrees and the absence of a causal relationship with the alleged illicit acts, affirming the manifest non-existence of an act of administrative impropriety. Should the previous arguments be overruled, alleging the inadequacy of the initial pleading due to the atypical nature of the facts presented in the accusatory pleading, as well as the absence of individualization and evidentiary basis demonstrating the occurrence of the imputed conduct, he requested that the initial pleading be rejected. On the merits, it requested that the initial claim be dismissed as unfounded and that the Public Prosecutor's Office be condemned for bad faith litigation.

On September 17th 2025 a judgment was issued rejecting the claims and dismissing the action. It concludes that the conduct attributed to the defendant was not a crime and that there were no acts of administrative misconduct, given the changes introduced by Law 14.230/2021 to Article 11 of Law 8.429/92, which eliminated the generic classification of acts that violate the principles of public administration and now requires explicit classification of the conduct, as well as the lack of adaptation of the plaintiff's claim to the new legal provisions, since it would be up to the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office to impute to the defendant one of the conducts expressly described in the legislation.

Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office v. Ricardo Salles and Federal Union

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Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office v. Ricardo Salles and Federal Union - petition

Filed

Brazil

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

People who are less able to respond to the effects of climate change due to having limited financial or physical assets

Direct investments by the governments using public funds. This can be to support climate initiatives or integrate climate into other projects.

Codes and standards are regulatory instruments that specify minimum standards to protect health and safety. This ranges from performance standards, which prescribe outcomes while allowing flexibility to achieve compliance, to the more prescriptive approach of technology-specific standards.

Zoning and spatial planning are both methods for guiding the distribution of people and activities in a space, and are regulatory restriction.

Financial actors and resources that are primarily directed towards climate change mitigation, adaptation and compensation.

Dedicated pool of financial resources for climate-related projects.

A company that is owned wholly or partially by the state, typically operating in key sectors.

A target to reduce the prevalence of a greenhouse gas over a specific time frame

A commitment to balance GHG emissions with removal by a certain point in time, effectively reducing the net emissions to zero

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Conditions that enhance the feasibility of adaptation options. Enabling conditions include finance, technological innovation, strengthening policy instruments, institutional capacity, multi-level governance and changes in human behaviour and lifestyles.

Actions or measures to adapt terrestrial systems to climate change.

Actions and measures to adapt and increase resilience of societies and the economy to climate change.

The release of heat-trapping gases, primarily from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture and industry.

Risks to the ecosystem health of the marine environment, including ocean warming, ocean acidification, and ocean deoxygenation, harming biodiversity, species health, ecosystem services, and coastal community livelihoods.

Extreme weather refers to events where a weather variable exceeds (or falls below) a threshold. Meaning it is significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern.

Terrestrial means "of the earth" and relates to the risks to ecological system that includes all living organisms and their interactions within land-based environments, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts.

Social inclusion is the process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in society—improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged on the basis of their identity.

People with different national or cultural traditions from the dominant population

Social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been displaced

People whose health, both mental and physical, makes them more vulnerable to the effects of climate change

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

Activities of industries that extract natural resources, such as mining, oil, and gas, for commercial use.

Activities that involve planning, designing and building infrastructure, residential, and commercial structures.

This sector involves the wholesale and retail selling of goods.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

Activities that provide lodging, food, and entertainment services to guests, including hotels, restaurants, and resorts.

This sector creates and distributes information and entertainment through television, radio, print, and digital platforms.

This sector provides communication services, software development, and IT solutions.

This sector involves activities that impart knowledge and skills to individuals, including formal schooling, vocational training and educational support.

Activities of government agencies and institutions that provide public services, enforce laws and manage public resources.

This sector includes firms and individuals offering specialised expertise in fields such as law, accounting, consulting, science and engineering.

Activities involving the management, development, and sale of property assets.

Activities of businesses and institutions that provide financial services and products to individuals and organisations.

Activities that involve the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for food, fibre, and other products essential for human life and industry.

Activities that relate to the production of goods and services from forests.

Activities involving the catching, processing, and selling of fish for food, recreation, and industry.

Slow onset events evolve gradually from incremental changes over many years or from increased frequency or intensity of recurring events. As defined in the Cancun Adaptation Framework (2010), slow onset events include risks and impacts from rising temperatures, desertification, biodiversity loss, land and forest degradation, glacial retreat, ocean acidification, sea level rise, and salinization.

Heavy precipitation refers to any form of weather where substances fall from the sky, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Geohazards are adverse geological phenomenon's that are capable of causing widespread damage or loss to property, life and the environment, such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions and tsunamis. Climate change can increase the frequency and severity of some geohazards, such as landslides, and soil erosion.

Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office v. Ricardo Salles and Federal Union - petition

Target

Policy instrument

Risk

Impacted group

Just transition

Greenhouse gas

Economic sector

Adaptation/resilience

Finance