judgment

Republic of Poland v. Commission of the European Communities [Court of 1st Instance 2009] - judgment

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Litigation

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In 2006, the Republic of Poland notified the Commission of its NAP for the period from 2008 to 2012.  In 2007, the Commission held that its NAP was incompatible with the criteria set forth in Directive 2003/87 and decided that the total annual quantities of emission allowances should be reduced to 26.7% less than that proposed.  Poland appealed the Commission’s decision.  As a preliminary issue, the Court held that each member state is to decide, on the basis of its NAP, on the total quantity of allowances it will allocate for a period in question, and the Commission’s power to review these NAPs is very restricted.  In the present case, the Commission’s rejection of Poland’s plan based on doubts as to the reliability of the data used exceeded the commission’s authority and violated the principle of equal treatment.

The Commission filed an appeal before the Court of Justice, which was ultimately rejected (case C-504/09 P).

Republic of Poland v. Commission of the European Communities [Court of 1st Instance 2009]

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

A long-lived, colourless gas, chiefly emitted from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation and cement production.

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

Tradable permits are market-based tools that grant permission for specific activities, frequently used to regulate emissions. These permits can be issued within a trading system to manage environmental impacts.

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

The release of heat-trapping gases, primarily from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture and industry.

This sector includes firms and individuals offering specialised expertise in fields such as law, accounting, consulting, science and engineering.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

Republic of Poland v. Commission of the European Communities [Court of 1st Instance 2009] - judgment

Policy instrument

Fossil fuel

Greenhouse gas

Economic sector

Finance