The federal district court for the District of Arizona granted a joint motion to enter a settlement agreement resolving a lawsuit filed by Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2025 to compel a response to CBD’s 2022 petition requesting that the Railroad Valley toad be listed as threatened or endangered. CBD alleged that the toad—which has an estimated distribution of 445 acres in Nevada—was threatened by oil and gas drilling and by a proposed lithium production project, as well as by other threats, including climate change. In the agreement, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service agreed to review the status of the Railroad Valley toad and submit a finding for publication by May 31, 2028 as to whether its listing was warranted.

Lawsuit to compel determination as to whether the Railroad Valley toad warrants listing as endangered or threatened.

Center for Biological Diversity v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

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Settlement Required Fish and Wildlife Service Decision on Endangered Species Act Listing for Nevada Toad

Filed

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

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Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

Activities of businesses and institutions that provide financial services and products to individuals and organisations.

Settlement Required Fish and Wildlife Service Decision on Endangered Species Act Listing for Nevada Toad

Policy instrument

Economic sector

Finance