Yvelines

Drôme

Deux-Sèvres

Eure

Somme

Eure-et-Loir

Tarn

Finistère

Tarn-et-Garonne

Corse-du-Sud

Haute-Corse

Vaucluse

Gard

Vendée

Haute-Garonne

Vienne

Gers

Haute-Vienne

Gironde

Vosges

Hérault

Yonne

Ille-et-Vilaine

Territoire de Belfort

Indre

Essonne

Indre-et-Loire

Hauts-de-Seine

Isère

Seine-Saint-Denis

Jura

Val-de-Marne

Allier

Landes

Val-d'Oise

Loir-et-Cher

Guadeloupe

Aisne

Loire

Martinique

Hautes-Alpes

Haute-Loire

Guyane (française)

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Alpes-Maritimes

Loire-Atlantique

La Réunion

Loiret

Mayotte

Ardèche

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Ariège

Lot-et-Garonne

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Ardennes

Aube

Lozère

Saint-Barthélemy

Aude

Maine-et-Loire

Bretagne

Manche

Clipperton

Aveyron

Marne

Centre-Val de Loire

Bouches-du-Rhône

Haute-Marne

Grand-Est

Mayenne

Hauts-de-France

Calvados

Meurthe-et-Moselle

Île-de-France

Cantal

Meuse

Saint-Martin

Cher

Charente

Morbihan

Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Corrèze

Moselle

Nouvelle-Calédonie

Charente-Maritime

Nièvre

Normandie

Corse

Nord

Occitanie

Côte-d'Or

Oise

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur

Orne

Pays-de-la-Loire

Pas-de-Calais

Polynésie française

France

Reach between 140 and 360 GNV natural gas stations by 31 December 2023 and between 330 to 840 stations by 31 December 2028

Reach 100 hydrogen recharge stations by 31 December 2023 and between 400 to 1000 stations by 31 December 2028

Reach 100000 electric recharge stations by 31 December 2023

Reach 21000 heavy low-emission vehicles by 31 December 2023 and 65000 by 31 December 2028

Reach 170000 light commercial electric or hybrid vehicles by 31 December 2023 and 500000 by 31 December 2028

Reach 500000 hybrid vehicles by 31 December 2023 and 1800000 by 31 December 2028

Reach 660000 electric vehicles by 31 December 2023 and 3000000 by 31 December 2028

6TWh of biogaz production to be injected into the grid by 2023 and between 14 and 22TWh by 2028

Total biogaz production to reach 14TWh by 2023 and between 24 and 32TWh by 2028

Renewable cooling capture to reach 1.1TWh by 2023 and between 1.4 and 2.7TWh by 2028

Renewable heating capture to reach 24.4TWh by 2023 and between 31 and 36TWh by 2028

Produce 1.75TWh from solar thermal energy by 2023 and between 1.85 and 2.5TWh by 2028

Produce 2.9TWh from geothermal energy by 2023 and between 4 and 5.2TWh by 2028

Produce 4.6TWh from geothermal heat pumps by 2023 and between 5 and 7TWh by 2028

Produce 35TWh from air heat pumps by 2023 and between 39 and 45TWh by 2028

Produce 145TWh from air heat pumps by 2023 and between 157 and 169TWh by 2028

Produce 0.27GW of biogaz by 2023 and between 0,34 and 0.41GW by 2028

Produce 2.4GW of hydro-electric power by 2023 and between 5.2 and 6.2GW by 2028

Produce 25.7GW of hydro-electric power by 2023 and between 26.4 and 26.7GW by 2028

Reduce total energy consumption by 66% by 2023 and 80% by 2028

Reduce coal consumption by 66% by 2023 and 80% by 2028

Reduce oil consumption by 19% by 2023 and 34% by 2028

Reduce natural gas consumption by 10% by 2023 and 22% by 2028

Decarbonised Hydrogen to account for 10% industrial hydrogen by 2023 and 20 to 40% en 2028

Reach 1 to 10 "power-to-gas" power demonstrators by 2023, and 10 to 100 by 2028

Produce 24.1GW of onshore wind energy by 2023 and between 33.2 GW and 34.7 GW by 2028

Increase production of solar panels (total) by 10.2GW by 2018, 20.1GW by 2023 and between 20.6 and 35.1 and 44GW by 2028

- Promote biosimilar medicines that have the same efficacy, quality and safety as the reference biological medicine, with the objective of reaching 80% penetration of biosimilars in their reference market by 2022.

1 prescription in the directory for every 2 prescriptions

Reduce antibiotics consumption by 25% by 2020

Develop within 5 years a French reusable launcher offer, New Space actors and connectivity constellation

Produce at least 20 biomedicines in France in 2030

Create the forst low-carbin airplane by 2030

Produce as many zero-emissions vehicles by 2030 than there were combustion-powered vehicles at the end of 2010

Produce around 2 million electric and hybrid vehicles each year by 2020

Reduce GHG emissions by 35% between 2015 and 2030 in the industry sector

Increase number of train journeys by 17% oby 2030 and 42% by 2050

Cycling to account for 9% of daily commutes by 2024 and 12% by 2030

A 15% reduction in nitrous oxide emissions by 2030 compared to 2015

A 13% reduction in ammonia emissions by 2030 compared to 2005

Create between 50000 and 150000 direct and indirect jobs in France

Save more than 6 Mt of CO2 in 2030 (through increased mobility)

Reduce carbon emissions to 53 million tons per annum in 2030

Cycling to account for 9% of daily commutes by 2024

Incorporate 2% of alternative sustainable fuel in airplane fuel tanks by 2025

Renewable energy to account for 38% of total heating consumption by 2030

Reduce the cost of technologies by 20% by 2030 and by 50% by 2030, relative to 2015

Develop technologies (silicium) as well as new concepts to increase the effiacy of PV by 20% by 2020 and by 35% by 2030, relative to 2015

Reduce the consumption of resources by 30% relative to GDP by 2030, compared to 2010

Reduce GHG emissions (except from UTCATF and sectors from the EU ETS) BY 37% by 2030 relative to 2005

Rate of increase in the rate of renewables and heat recovery to be over 1.3% per annum between 2020 and 2030

Rate of increase in the rate of heating and cooling from renewable sources and recovery in heating networks to be over 1% and up to 60% per annum between 2020 and 2030

Reduce total energy production by 32.5% by 2030 relative to trends

Reduce total energy consumption by 32.5% by 2030 relative to trends

Renewable energy to account for 32% of final energy consumption by 2030

Increase the supply of geothermic electricity by 24MW by 2023 and 24MW by 2028

Increase the supply of offshore wind power by 0.5GW by 2018, 2.4GW by 2023 and between 5.2 and 6.2 by 2028

Mobilise 7.8TWh of renewables for recovered non-hazardous waste by 2023

Increase production of solar panels on roofs 5.6GW by 2018, 11.6GW by 2023 and between 20.6 and 25GW by 2028

Increase production of solar panels on the ground 5.6GW by 2018, 11.6GW by 2023 and between 20.6 and 25 by 2028

Produce 10200MW of photovoltaic energy by 2018 and between 18200 and 20200 by 2023

Produce 15000 MW of onshore wind energy by 2018 and between 21800 and 26000 MW by 2028

Increase the supply of hydro-electricity by 200 MW by 2023 and between 900 and 1200 MW by 2028

Electricity production capacity for hydraulic power of 25180 by 2018, and between 25680 and 25930 by 2023

Increase biomethane consumption by 14 TWh PCS, of which 6 TWh is injected in the grid

Produce 2.6TWh of electricity from biogas

Inject 8 TWh of biogas in the networks by 2023

Renewable cooling capture through networks to reach 0.76TWh by 2018 and 1.1TWh by 2023

Renewable heating capture to reach 14,1TWh by 2018 and 24.4TWh by 2023

Achieve 15.7TWh of consumption of renewable heating or recovered heat by heating networks by 2018, and between 22 and 26.7TWh by 2023

Reduce nuclear energy by 50% from the energy mix by 2035

Reduce nuclear energy by 50% from the energy mix by 2025

Renewable energy to account for 10% of gas by 2030

Renewable energy to account for 15% of energy consumption in transport by 2030

Achieve 8MW of energy from geothermal energy by 2018, and between 20 to 40 by 2023

Achieve 137MW of energy from biomethane by 2018, and between 237 to 300 by 2023

Achieve 540MW of energy from wood by 2018, and between 790 to 1040 by 2023

Achieve 200MW of hydropower by 2023, and between 900 and 1200MW by 2028

Achieve 53GW of renewable energy by 2018, and between 71GW and 78GW by 2023

Production of renewable gas (biomethane) to be 10% by 2030

5,000-7,500 light vehicles, 200 heavy vehicles, and 100 stations powered by hydrogen by 2023; and 20000 to 50000 light vehicles, 800 to 2000 heavy vehicles and 400 to 1000 stations powered by hydrogen by 2028

Reach 100 000 charging stations for electric vehicles by 2021

Reduce emissions by betwee 40% by 2030 relative to 1990

Carbon neutrality in land transport sector by 2050

Reduce carbon footprint of maritime transport by 2050

reduce emissions by 37% by 2030 compared to 2005

increase from 3% to 12% of the modal share of bicycles (in number of short-distance trips) from 2030 and to 15% in 2050.

for heavy goods vehicles, aim for real consumption by 2040 of:
▪ 21 L/100 km for new vehicles running on diesel;
▪ 15kg/100km for new vehicles running on natural gas (NGV); ▪ 129kWh/100km for vehicles running on electricity.

for private vehicles, aim for an actual consumption level of: approximately 4 L/100 km for new thermal vehicles sold from 2030, and 12,5kWh/100km for new electric vehicles by 2050

reduce emissions by 28% in the transport sector by 2030 relative to 2015

achieve 100% BBC (Bâtiments Basse Consommation) fleet on average by 2050.

In June 2025, 14 French citizens affected by climate-related events, supported by Greenpeace France, Notre Affaire à Tous, and Oxfam France, filed a lawsuit against the French State before the Council of State (Conseil d’État), challenging the insufficiency of the third National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change (PNACC 3). Earlier, in April 2025, the plaintiffs had submitted a preliminary request (requête préalable) to the government, asking for more ambitious adaptation measures, but this request was left unanswered.
According to the plaintiffs, the plan lacks binding obligations, dedicated funding, and rigorous monitoring. It does not adequately address climate risks and overlooks social and territorial inequalities, particularly in overseas territories, disadvantaged neighborhoods, and among already vulnerable populations (low income, disability, etc.).

The plaintiffs request that the State revise PNACC 3 so it becomes a binding, well-funded, and closely monitored adaptation strategy. They demand concrete measures in key risk areas, including flood prevention and management, water access and quality, housing and infrastructure safety (including soil instability), heatwave protection, support for vulnerable populations, policies supporting overseas territories and marginalized populations, and agricultural and rural adaptation. They also seek structural reforms to ensure that adaptation is systemic and equitable.

The case draws on the constitutional duty to protect the environment (Charte de l’environnement), as well as international and European obligations, including climate law and human rights instruments. The suit asserts that the State has a general obligation to adapt to climate change and ensure protection for all citizens, including the most vulnerable. 

In October 2024, ClientEarth filed a complaint against BlackRock with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF), also known as the Autorité des Marchés financiers. ClientEarth targeted 18 actively managed retail investment funds that were marketed in France as sustainable. ClientEarth notes that these funds hold more than US$ $1 billion in fossil fuel investment. As a result, ClientEarth claims that BlackRock violates the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) by holding inconsistent investments to gain an unfair competitive advantage. Second, ClientEarth claims that BlackRock failed the ‘do not cause significant harm’ test of the SFDR, which requires investment funds promoting environmental benefits to make additional sustainability disclosures on their websites and in pre-contractual and periodic reporting. All of which, ClientEarth claims, BlackRock failed to do.

In response, BlackRock announced changes to its funds previously titled sustainable or ESG. Fourteen of the funds dropped the "sustainable" title from their names, while the rest applied stricter fossil fuel exclusions. BlackRock claims these changes were in response to new disclosure polices by the European Securities and Markets Authority.

Despite these changes, ClientEarth will continue to keep its complaint with the AMF. The financial regulator has not indicated whether the case will move forward. 

In March 2014, EG Lorraine SAS applied for a hydrocarbon exploration permit that was formally rejected by the Minister of Ecological Transition and Finance due to conflicts with the 2015 Energy Transition Law and the Paris Agreement. In July 2020, the Strasbourg Administrative court annulled the refused permit after EG Lorraine filed complaints regarding abuse of powers. The ministry appealed to the Nancy Administrative court of Appeals. In December 2022, the court of appeals rejected the Minister’s appeal, noting that the government’s energy policy could not form the sole basis of rejection of permitting. Following this decision, the minister then appealed to the Council of State.

In July 2024, the Council of State sided with the ministry, reversing the ruling in the appeals decision. The court noted that although the respective laws never cited climate change as a direct reason to reject a permit, the administration can reject an application on the grounds of public interest. The Council stated that there is no “automatic right to a permit.” In other words, even if an applicant meets every technical requirement, the government is not obligated to accept the application on grounds related to public concern. Thus, the Council of State established that limiting climate change by reducing greenhouse gase emissions is a valid public interest.


On July 5, 2022, Bridge Energies submitted an application to the Prefect of Seine-et-Marne for a prefectural permit to drill two new hydrocarbon exploration wells in Nonville, France. The application was submitted within the perimeter of an existing, 25-year mining title granted in 2009. Bridge Energies request was supplemented on November 22, 2022, and granted via an official decree on January 30, 2024, by the Prefect. Eau de Paris, the public entity that manages Paris’s drinking water supply, filed a complaint on March 29, 2024, seeking the annulment of the prefectural order and the relief of 3000 EUR from the State and Bridge Energies. The plaintiff specifically seeks relief under Article L. 761-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice. 

In its complaint, the plaintiff alleged that the authorization of the prefectural permit followed an impact study that “presents deficiencies regarding the project’s effects on water resources, or climate change, on reasonable alternatives, and on biodiversity.” The plaintiff contends that the project ignores Article L. 414-4 of the Environmental Code, as it fails to “assess impacts on Natura 2000 sites.” The plaintiff contends that the permit application fails to analyze compatibility with the “water-management master plan for the Seine basin and Norman coastal rivers”, causing a breach in Article 6 of Decree No. 2006-649 of June 2, 2006. The plaintiff argues that “the order suffers from a procedural defect”, considering the inquiry commissioner failed to issue “reasoned, impartial, and objective findings.” The plaintiff also alleges that the project violates Article L. 161-1 of the Mining Code because it poses significant risks for water resources and natural habitats and that the project “contravenes the local urban-planning code of the commune of Nonville.” 

The case proceeded before the Tribunal Administratif de Melun, which issued its judgment on January 30, 2025. The court found that the prefectural authorization contained multiple legal defects, specifically in its inadequate evaluation of biodiversity and resource impacts and its insufficient pollution prevention measures. The court did not fully annul the permit, instead issuing a sursis à statuer (suspension of judgment). This suspension grants the State and Bridge Energies a ten-month period to mend the identified deficiencies. The court stated that it will issue a final decision at the end of this period. 

Geography

France

Recent cases