The Case of the Century 2025: Greenpeace France, Notre affaire à tous et Oxfam vs France

In June 2025, 14 French citizens affected by climate-related events, supported by Greenpeace France, Notre Affaire à Tous, and Oxfam France, filed a lawsuit against the French State before the Council of State (Conseil d’État), challenging the insufficiency of the third National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change (PNACC 3). Earlier, in April 2025, the plaintiffs had submitted a preliminary request (requête préalable) to the government, asking for more ambitious adaptation measures, but this request was left unanswered. According to the plaintiffs, the plan lacks binding obligations, dedicated funding, and rigorous monitoring. It does not adequately address climate risks and overlooks social and territorial inequalities, particularly in overseas territories, disadvantaged neighborhoods, and among already vulnerable populations (low income, disability, etc.). The plaintiffs request that the State revise PNACC 3 so it becomes a binding, well-funded, and closely monitored adaptation strategy. They demand concrete measures in key risk areas, including flood prevention and management, water access and quality, housing and infrastructure safety (including soil instability), heatwave protection, support for vulnerable populations, policies supporting overseas territories and marginalized populations, and agricultural and rural adaptation. They also seek structural reforms to ensure that adaptation is systemic and equitable. The case draws on the constitutional duty to protect the environment (Charte de l’environnement), as well as international and European obligations, including climate law and human rights instruments. The suit asserts that the State has a general obligation to adapt to climate change and ensure protection for all citizens, including the most vulnerable.